一、核心释义
Explain(动词),意为“解释、说明、阐明”,指通过描述、阐述或提供理由使某事变得清晰易懂。其名词形式为explanation。
例:Can you explain how this machine works?
(你能解释一下这台机器是如何工作的吗?)
二、语法结构与搭配
Explain 的常见用法结构如下:
| 结构类型 | 示例 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| explain + 名词/代词 | Please explain this concept. | 直接接解释的对象 |
| explain + that从句 | He explained that he was late due to traffic. | 接说明性质的从句 |
| explain + wh-从句 | She explained why she left early. | 接疑问词引导的从句 |
| explain + to sb. + sth. | I need to explain the rules to you. | 向某人解释某事 |
特别注意:explain 后不能直接接人称代词作间接宾语,必须使用"explain sth. to sb."结构:
错误:Can you explain me the problem?
正确:Can you explain the problem to me?
(你能给我解释一下这个问题吗?)
三、使用场景与实例
1. 日常生活场景
- 解释原因:"Let me explain why I couldn't attend the meeting."(让我解释一下为什么我没能参加会议)
- 说明规则:"The teacher explained the exam rules carefully."(老师仔细解释了考试规则)
- 澄清误会:"I need to explain myself - you misunderstood my intentions."(我需要解释一下-你误解了我的意图)
2. 学术专业场景
- 科学解释:"The professor explained the theory of relativity using simple examples."(教授用简单的例子解释了相对论)
- 数据分析:"The report explains the market trends in detail."(报告详细解释了市场趋势)
- 文献解读:"This annotation explains the historical context of the poem."(这个注解解释了这首诗的历史背景)
3. 职场商务场景
- 项目说明:"Could you explain the workflow to the new team members?"(你能向新团队成员解释一下工作流程吗?)
- 政策解读:"HR will explain the new company policies at the meeting."(人力资源将在会议上解释公司新政策)
- 产品演示:"The salesperson explained the features of the new software."(销售人员解释了新软件的功能)
四、常见短语搭配
| 短语 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| explain away | 通过解释消除(疑虑、批评等) | He tried to explain away his mistakes. |
| explain oneself | 解释自己的行为或观点 | You have 5 minutes to explain yourself. |
| explain in detail | 详细解释 | Please explain in detail how you reached this conclusion. |
五、近义词辨析
| 词汇 | 含义侧重 | 使用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| explain | 使清晰易懂,提供理解所需的信息 | 通用性最强,适用于各种解释场景 |
| clarify | 澄清模糊或令人困惑的内容 | 针对已有但不清晰的信息进行说明 |
| interpret | 解释含义,尤其是语言或艺术作品 | 多用于翻译、艺术、梦境等解释 |
| illustrate | 通过例子或图表说明 | 侧重使用实例或视觉辅助解释 |
六、常见错误与注意事项
- 介词误用:explain 后不接介词 about
错误:
She explained about the problem.
正确:She explained the problem. - 双宾语错误:如前所述,不能使用"explain sb. sth."结构
- 时态一致:注意主从句时态一致性
例:He explained why he was upset.(他解释了他为什么难过)